M4 - TERJEMAHAN PRAKATA & BAB 1
NURUL RASYIDAH BINTI ROSMADI NURSYAFIKA BINTI RAPOL
(198182) (199783)
Prakata
Buku
"Kajian Wacana dan Strategi, Komunikasi: Teori dan Aplikasi" ini merupakan
buku yang mengandungi teori serta diaplikasikan dalam bentuk penyelidikan.
Penyelidikan meliputi kajian lirik lagu, cerita, ujaran dan interaksi dalam
perbualan. Buku ini mengandungi dua bahagian iaitu kajian wacana dan strategi
komunikasi. Kedua-dua bahagian berkait rapat antara satu sama lain kerana
melibatkan komunikasi ujaran, interaksi, teks dan tulisan. Bab 1 mengandungi
pengenalan tentang kajian wacana iaitu definisi dan konsep wacana. Bab 2 pula
menjelaskan tentang teori dan pendekatan wacana. Terdapat beberapa teori dan
pendekatan wacana yang dibincangkan iaitu analisis wacana dan wacana kritis.
Bab 3 pula menganalisis tiga kajian wacana yang berkaitan dengan wacana
tekstual lirik lagu, wacana tekstual cerita sosial dan wacana ujaran dalam
kalangan kanak-kanak. Setiap kajian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori dan
pendekatan analisis wacana yang diperkenalkan dalam buku ini. Bab 4 mengandungi
pengenalan tentang strategi komunikasi. Pengenalan meliputi kajian-kajian
tentang strategi komunikasi yang berkaitan dengan ujaran dan interaksi yang
menggunakan strategi komunikasi. Bab 5 pula membincangkan beberapa taksonomi
dan pendekatan strategi komunikasi. Senarai taksonomi dan pendekatan serta
huraian bagi setiap satu dipaparkan. Bab 6 mengandungi kajian strategi
komunikasi dalam kalangan kanak-kanak. Interaksi dan ujaran kanak-kanak
dianalisis dengan menggunakan taksonomi strategi komunikasi yang terkini. Bab 7
iaitu bab akhir mengandungi cadangan kajian mengenai kajian wacana dan strategi
komunikasi. Diharapkan buku ini dapat membantu penyelidik dalam membuat
penelitian terhadap bentuk kajian wacana dan strategi komunikasi.
PROFESOR
DR. NORMALIZA ABD RAHIM
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Buku "Kajian Wacana dan
Strategi, Komunikasi: Teori dan Aplikasi" ini merupakan buku yang
mengandungi teori serta diaplikasikan dalam bentuk penyelidikan. Penyelidikan
meliputi kajian lirik lagu, cerita, ujaran dan interaksi dalam perbualan. |
This book "Discourse Studies and Strategies, Communication:
Theory and Application" is a book that contains theories and is applied
in the form of research. Research covers the study of song lyrics, stories,
utterances and interactions in conversation.
|
This book titled as "Discourse
Studies and Strategies, Communication: Theory and Application" is a book
that contain theories and it is applied in the form of research. Research
cover the study of song lyrics, stories, utterances and interactions in
conversation.
|
This book titled as "Discourse
Studies and Strategies, Communication: Theory and Application" is a book
that contain theories and it is applied in the form of research. Research
cover the study of song lyrics, stories, utterances and interactions in
conversation.
|
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Buku ini mengandungi dua bahagian
iaitu kajian wacana dan strategi komunikasi. Kedua-dua bahagian berkait rapat
antara satu sama lain kerana melibatkan komunikasi ujaran, interaksi, teks
dan tulisan. |
This book contains two parts, namely the study of
discourse and communication strategies. The two parts are closely related to
each other as they involve verbal communication, interaction, text and
writing.
|
This book contain two parts,
namely the study of discourse and communication strategies. The two parts are
closely related to each other as they involve verbal communication,
interaction, text and writing.
|
This book contain two parts,
namely the study of discourse and communication strategies. The two parts are
closely related to each other as they involve verbal communication,
interaction, text and writing.
|
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Bab 1 mengandungi pengenalan tentang
kajian wacana iaitu definisi dan konsep wacana. Bab 2 pula menjelaskan
tentang teori dan pendekatan wacana. |
Chapter 1 contains an introduction to the study of discourse that is
the definition and concept of discourse. Chapter 2 also explains about the
theory and approach of discourse.
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Chapter 1 contain an introduction to
the study of discourse, namely the definition and concept of discourse. While
chapter 2 explain about the theory and approach of discourse. |
Chapter 1 contain an introduction to
the study of discourse, namely the definition and concept of discourse. While
chapter 2 explain about the theory and approach of discourse. |
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Terdapat beberapa teori dan
pendekatan wacana yang dibincangkan iaitu analisis wacana dan wacana kritis. |
There are several theories and approaches of
discourse discussed namely discourse analysis and critical discourse. |
There are several theories and
approaches of discourse discussed namely discourse analysis and critical
discourse. |
There are several theories and
approaches of discourse discussed namely discourse analysis and critical
discourse. |
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Bab 3 pula menganalisis tiga kajian
wacana yang berkaitan dengan wacana tekstual lirik lagu, wacana tekstual
cerita sosial dan wacana ujaran dalam kalangan kanak-kanak. |
Chapter 3 analyzes three discourse studies related to the textual
discourse of song lyrics, textual discourse of social stories and discourse
discourse among children. |
Chapter 3 analyzes three discourse
studies related to the textual discourse of song lyrics, textual discourse of
social stories and discourse discourse among children. |
Chapter 3 analyzes three discourse
studies related to the textual discourse of song lyrics, textual discourse of
social stories and discourse discourse among children. |
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Setiap kajian dianalisis dengan
menggunakan teori dan pendekatan analisis wacana yang diperkenalkan dalam
buku ini. Bab 4 mengandungi pengenalan tentang strategi komunikasi. |
Each study was analyzed using the theory and
discourse analysis approach introduced in this book. Chapter 4 contains an
introduction to communication strategies.
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Each study were analyzed using
the theory and discourse analysis approach that had been introduced in this
book. Chapter 4 contain |
Each study were analyzed using
the theory and discourse analysis approach that had been introduced in this
book. Chapter 4 contain an introduction of communication strategies. |
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Pengenalan meliputi kajian-kajian
tentang strategi komunikasi yang berkaitan dengan ujaran dan interaksi yang
menggunakan strategi komunikasi.Bab 5 pula membincangkan beberapa taksonomi
dan pendekatan strategi komunikasi. |
The introduction covers studies on communication strategies related to
utterances and interactions that use communication strategies. Chapter 5
discusses some taxonomies and communication strategy approaches. |
The introduction of the studies
covered about communication strategies related to utterances and interactions
that used communication strategies. Chapter 5 discussed about some taxonomies
and communication strategy approaches. |
The introduction of the studies
covered about communication strategies related to utterances and interactions
that used communication strategies. Chapter 5 discussed about some taxonomies
and communication strategy approaches. |
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Senarai taksonomi dan pendekatan
serta huraian bagi setiap satu dipaparkan. Bab 6 mengandungi kajian strategi
komunikasi dalam kalangan kanak-kanak. |
A list of taxonomies and approaches as well as
descriptions for each is displayed. Chapter 6 contains a study of
communication strategies among children. |
A list of taxonomies and
approaches as well as the description for each was |
A list of taxonomies and
approaches as well as the description for each wa displayed. Chapter 6 contain
a study of communication strategies among the children. |
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Interaksi dan ujaran kanak-kanak
dianalisis dengan menggunakan taksonomi strategi komunikasi yang terkini. |
Children's interactions and utterances are analyzed using the latest
taxonomy of communication strategies. |
Children’s interaction and utterances |
Children’s interaction and utterances
are analyzed by using the latest taxonomy of communication strategies. |
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Bab 7 iaitu bab akhir mengandungi
cadangan kajian mengenai kajian wacana dan strategi komunikasi. Diharapkan
buku ini dapat membantu penyelidik dalam membuat penelitian terhadap bentuk
kajian wacana dan strategi komunikasi. |
Chapter 7 which is the final chapter contains
research proposals on the study of discourse and communication strategies. It
is hoped that this book can help researchers in conducting research on the
form of discourse studies and communication strategies.
|
Chapter 7 which is the final chapter that contain |
Chapter 7 which is the final
chapter that contain research proposals on the study of discourse and
communication strategies. In hoped that this book can help researchers when
conducting research on the form of discourse studies and communication
strategies. |
Opening words
This book titled as "Discourse
Studies and Strategies, Communication: Theory and Application" is a book
that contain theories and it is applied in the form of research. Research cover
the study of song lyrics, stories, utterances and interactions in conversation.
This book contain two parts, namely the study of discourse and communication
strategies. The two parts are closely related to each other as they involve
verbal communication, interaction, text and writing. Chapter 1 contain an
introduction to the study of discourse, namely the definition and concept of
discourse. While chapter 2 explain about the theory and approach of discourse. There
are several theories and approaches of discourse discussed namely discourse
analysis and critical discourse. Chapter 3 analyzes three discourse studies
related to the textual discourse of song lyrics, textual discourse of social
stories and discourse discourse among children. Each study were analyzed using
the theory and discourse analysis approach that had been introduced in this
book. Chapter 4 contain an introduction of communication strategies. The
introduction of the studies covered about communication strategies related to
utterances and interactions that used communication strategies. Chapter 5
discussed about some taxonomies and communication strategy approaches. A list
of taxonomies and approaches as well as the description for each wa displayed.
Chapter 6 contain a study of communication strategies among the children. Children’s
interaction and utterances are analyzed by using the latest taxonomy of
communication strategies. Chapter 7 which is the final chapter that contain
research proposals on the study of discourse and communication strategies. In
hoped that this book can help researchers when conducting research on the form
of discourse studies and communication strategies.
PROFESOR DR. NORMALIZA ABD RAHIM
BAB 1 KAJIAN WACANA
Wacana merupakan bahasa daripada individu atau kumpulan dalam
bentuk ujaran, interaksi, teks dan tulinan. Wacana ialah keseluruhan pelahiran
bahasa oleh penutur atau penulis, iaitu sistem bahasa dan unsur-unsur luar
daripada sistem bahasa yang menyumbang ke arah menjadikan pertuturan atau
tulisan berkenaan sebagai sesuatu yang bermakna dalam berkomunikasi (Asmah Haji
Omar, 1986). Wacana didefinisikan sebagai unit bahasa yang mempunyai kesantunan
fikiran dan melebihi batas ayat. Dalam hierarki bahasa wacana terletak pada
tingkat yang tertingi,iaitu hadir selepas tingkat ayat. Wacana mengandungi
sistem komunikasi antara dua atau lebih orang. Selain itu, wacana juga boleh
distilahkan melalui tulisan dan bacaan daripada seseorang. Namun, wacana
seharusnya mengandungi ayat yang bermakna serta mengandungi situasi yang
dikaitkan dengan ayat tersebut. Justeru, wacana dapat difahami dengan baik oleh
seseorang. Wacana merupakan keseluruhan tutur suatu kesatuan, ujaran, ucapan,
pertuturan dan percakapan. Selain itu, wacana juga dilihat dari aspek penulisan
yang ditulis oleh penulis melalui buku, majalah, akhbar, makalah dan segala
bentuk tulisan. Di dalam bentuk perbincangan atau pertukaran idea secara lisan,
wacana dapat dikenal pasti dengan lebih baik. Seseorang individu itu mengadakan
perbincangan berbentuk ilmu, pengalaman, penceritaan dan sebagainya. Kesatuan
fikiran sama ada dalam bentuk lisan seperti pidato, khutbah, debat, syarahan,
perbualan dan sebagainya atau tulisan seperti surat, artikel, novel, cerpen,
puisi dan sebagainya dapat dilihat dan difahami dengan lebih baik melalui
pengetahuan tentang teori dan pembacaan karya yang berbentuk sastera. Hawthorn
(1992) mengemukakan definisi wacana sebagai komunikasi kebahasaan yang dilihat
sebagai pertukaran antara pembicara dan pendengar dengan mengambil kira tajuk
perbincangan dan persekitaran. Definisi wacana dapat dilihat dari pelbagai
aspek. Melalui aspek sosiologi, wacana merujuk pada hubungan konteks sosial
dalam pemakaian bahasa sedangkan dari segi linguistik pula, wacana adalah unit
bahasa yang lebih besar daripada kalimat. Fowler (1991) mengatakan bahawa
wacana merupakan komunikasi lisan dan tulisan yang dilihat daripada titik
pandangan kepercayaan, nilai dan kategori yang terdapat di dalamnya. Brown
& Yule 1983) menegaskan bahawa wacana boleh dilihat melalui lisan dan
tulisan yang dianalisis bagi tujuan pemahaman yang lebih baik. Stubbs (1983)
juga bersetuju dengan Brown & Yule (1983) dan menyatakan bahawa aspek
linguistik harus diterapkan bagi tujuan analisis wacana.
Berikut adalah antara beberapa definisi wacana:
1. Edmonson (1981)- Wacana adalah suatu peristiwa berstruktur
yang dimanifestasikan dalam perilaku lingustik bahasa atau yang lainnya
2. Kamus Dewan (Edisi Keempat) - Wacana merupakan keseluruhan
tutur yang merupakankesatuan, ucapan, pertuturan, percakapan dan perbincangan
atau pertukaran idea secara lisan. Ia juga merupakan kesatuan fikiran yang utuh
sama ada dalam bentuk lisan ataupun tulisan.
3. Asmah Haji Omar (1986) - Wacana ialah keseluruhan pelahiran
bahasa oleh penutur atau penulis, iaitu sistem bahasa dan unsur luar daripada
sistem bahasa yang menyumbang ke arah menjadikan pertuturan atau tulisan
berkenaan sebagai sesuatu yang bermakna dalam komunikasi.
4. Raminah Hj. Sabran & Rahim Syam (1985) - Wacana adalah
unit bahasa yang melebihi batas ayat iaitu boleh terdiri daripada ayat,
sejumlah ayat, ceraian, bab, buku, cerita, dialog dan sebagainya yang dalamnya
memperlihatkan hubungan dan perkembangan fikiran yang berturutan. Dengan
perkataan lain, wacana adalah satu satuan bahasa yang lengkap.
5. Normaliza Abd Rahim (2014) - Wacana adalah bahasa yang
dilahirkan oleh penutur atau penulis. Bahasa yang ditutur serta ditulis
mengandungi makna serta difahami oleh pendengar atau pembaca.
6. Stubss (1983) - Wacana dapat dilihat melalui sistem tutur dan
tulisan, mempunyai makna serta difahami oleh pendengar dan pembaca.
7. Brown & Yule (1983) - Wacana boleh dilihat melalui
tulisan dan tulisan yang dianalisis untuk tujuan yang lebih baik.
8. Halliday & Hassan (1985) - Wacana terdiri daripada apa
jua kalimat sama ada tulisan atau tulisan (tidak kira panjang atau pendek) yang
mempunyai makna keseluruhan.
9. Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b) - Wacana meliputi ujaran,
interaksi, tulisan dan teks yang dianalisis bagi tujuan mencari makna tersirat
dan tersurat. Wacana juga menggunakan
bahasa simbol, warna dan apa jua yang memberi makna kepada semua pihak yang
terlibat.
RUMUSAN
Definisi wacana dapat difahami dengan jelas dengan memberitahu
kepada wacana bentuk teks, tulisan, ujaran dan interaksi. Adalah wajar setiap wacana difokus dan
dianalisis dengan teliti supaya analisis boleh difahami dengan jelas. Pemahaman setiap wacana yang dilihat sebagai
satu perkara yang mudah apabila seseorang itu faham akan tujuan setiap wacana
yang disampaikan. Malah, akan lebih
jelas lagi dihuraikan dengan lebih terperinci dan teliti.
Chapter
1
Discourse is the language of individuals
or groups in the form of utterances, interactions, texts and essays. Discourse
is the whole birth of language by the speaker or writer, that is, the language
system and elements outside the language system that contribute towards the
making speech or writing as something meaningful in communicating (Asmah Haji
Omar, 1986). Discourse is defined as a unit of language that has politeness of
mind and exceeds sentence limits. In the hierarchy of discourse language lies
at the highest level, i.e. present after the sentence level. Discourse contain
a system of communication between two or more people. In addition, discourse
can also be termed through writing and reading from someone. However, the
discourse should contain meaningful sentences as well as contain situations
associated with the sentence. Thus, discourse can be well understood by one.
Discourse is the whole speech of a union, utterance, speech, speech and
conversation. In addition, discourse is also seen from the aspect of writing
written by the author through books, magazines, newspapers, papers and all
forms of writing. In the form of verbal discussion or exchange of ideas,
discourse can be identified better. An individual holds discussions in the form
of knowledge, experience, storytelling and so on. Unity of mind whether in oral
form such as speeches, sermons, debates, lectures, conversations and so on or
writings such as letters, articles, novels, short stories, poems and so on can
be seen and understood better through knowledge of theory and reading of
literary works. Hawthorn (1992) states that the definition of discourse as
linguistic communication seen as an exchange between speaker and listener
taking into account the topic of discussion and the environment. The definition
of discourse can be seen from various aspects. Through the sociological aspect,
discourse refers to the relationship of social context in the use of language
while in terms of linguistics, discourse is a unit of language that is larger
than a sentence. Fowler (1991) says that discourse is oral and written
communication seen from the point of view of beliefs, values and categories
found in it. Brown & Yule 1983) asserted that discourse can be viewed
through oral and written analysis for the purpose of better understanding.
Stubbs (1983) also agrees with Brown & Yule (1983) and states that
linguistic aspects should be applied for the purpose of discourse analysis.
These are some of the definitions of
discourse:
1.Edmonson (1981)- Discourse is a
structured event that is manifested in the linguistic behavior of a language or
other.
2.Kamus Dewan (Edisi Keempat)- Discourse
include the whole speech which is a union speech, speech conversation and
discussion or exchange of ideas orally. It is also a whole unit of thought
whether in oral or written form.
3. Asmah Haji Omar (1986) – Discourse is
the whole birth of language by the speaker or writer where the language system
and external elements from the language system that contribute to the speech or
writing as something meaningful in communication.
4. Raminah Hj. Sabran & Rahim Syam
(1985) – Discourse is a unit of language that exceeds the sentence limit that
can consist of sentences, a number of sentences, divorce, chapters, books,
stories, dialogues and other examples that show the relationship and
development of consecutive thoughts. In other words, discourse is a complete
unit of language.
5. Normaliza Abd Rahim (2014) – Discourse
is the language that delivered by the
speaker or writer. The language that had been spoken and written contains a
meaning and it isunderstood by the listener or reader.
6. Stubss (1983) – Discourse can be seen
through the system of speech and writing, it has a meaning and been understood
by listeners and readers.
7. Brown & Yule (1983) - Discourse can
be seen through writing and writing analyzed for better purpose.
8. Halliday & Hassan (1985) -
Discourse consist of any sentence whether written or written (regardless of
length or short) that has an overall meaning.
9. Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b) - Discourse
include utterances, interactions, writings and texts analyzed for the purpose
of finding implicit and explicit meaning. Discourse also use the language of
symbols, colors and anything that gives meaning to all parties involved
SUMMARY
The definition of discourse can be clearly
understood by telling the discourse in the form of text, writing, utterance and
interaction. It is desirable that each discourse be focused and analyzed
carefully so that the analysis can be clearly understood. Understanding each
discourse is seen as an easy thing when one understand the purpose of each
discourse delivered. In fact, it will be more clearly elaborated and more
detailed.
RUJUKAN:
Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019). Kajian Wacana dan Strategi Komunikasi: Teori dan Aplikasi. Terengganu: Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
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